Introduction: Deficits in frontal lobe functions including deficits in working memory are common
across all stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Working memory has been found to correlate
with frontal cortical oscillations in theta and gamma bands and in particular the
modulation of gamma amplitude by theta phase (theta-gamma coupling) in healthy individuals.
These neurophysiological mechanisms depend upon robust synaptic neuroplasticity. Paired
associative stimulation (PAS) involves repetitive pairing of electrical stimulation
of the median nerve with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulse to contralateral
DLPFC. PAS simulates the induction of long-term potentiation, a prototype of synaptic
neuroplasticity. Relevance of these measures of neuroplasticity in AD has not been
investigated so far.
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